Lateral medullary syndrome (LMS), also known as Wallenberg syndrome, is a neurological condition that affects the brainstem. The condition can be characterized by a range of symptoms including loss of sensation, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and unsteady gait. When searching for medical resources and information about LMS, one may come across a variety of synonyms such as posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome (PICAS), Wallenberg's syndrome, and dorsal medullary syndrome. Each of these names refers to the same condition, which involves damage to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, resulting in decreased blood flow to the brainstem and consequent neurological symptoms. These synonyms can be helpful when conducting research or communicating about the condition with medical professionals.